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"Islas de Innovación" y diversidades de innovación en el Reino Unido y Francia
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Jun 30, 2020
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Este documento explora patrones divergentes de innovación y desarrollo regional en dos "islas de innovación". A principios de la década de 2000 se compararon las trayectorias de crecimiento de Grenoble y Oxfordshire (Lawton Smith 2003). La atención se centró en los laboratorios nacionales como actores territoriales en la agrupación de empresas de alta tecnología. Basándose en los datos longitudinales recopilados desde 2003, el objeto de análisis cambia en este estudio a las formas que la intervención gubernamental adopta a través de inversiones en organizaciones de conocimiento en sectores de alta tecnología y cómo eso conduce a especializaciones particulares del avance tecnológico. Si bien hay muchas similitudes, hay diferencias en los puntos de partida y las estructuras, lo que conduce a las diversidades en la innovación. El análisis muestra cómo ambos están integrados en sus situaciones nacionales y oportunidades de desarrollo.
Nos centramos en dos elementos clave para sostener grupos de innovación, los de trabajadores altamente cualificados y redes. Demostramos que en Grenoble, los clusters se organizan entorno a la información y proyectos, mientras que en Oxfordshire están dominados por el mercado de trabajo y son de carácter orgánico. Demostramos relaciones complementarias entre la formación y aplicación de políticas a nivel nacional y regional. En ambos casos, la importancia del lugar se mantiene en el tiempo, pero por diferentes razones.
Nos centramos en dos elementos clave para sostener grupos de innovación, los de trabajadores altamente cualificados y redes. Demostramos que en Grenoble, los clusters se organizan entorno a la información y proyectos, mientras que en Oxfordshire están dominados por el mercado de trabajo y son de carácter orgánico. Demostramos relaciones complementarias entre la formación y aplicación de políticas a nivel nacional y regional. En ambos casos, la importancia del lugar se mantiene en el tiempo, pero por diferentes razones.
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Lawton-Smith, H., & Assimakopoulos, D. (2020). "Islas de Innovación" y diversidades de innovación en el Reino Unido y Francia. UCJC Business and Society Review (formerly Known As Universia Business Review), 17(2), 18-35. Recuperado a partir de https://journals.ucjc.edu/ubr/article/view/4239
Sección
Producción, Innovación y Tecnología
Citas
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TRIPPL, M (2014) ‘Star scientists, Islands of Innovation, and internationally networked labour markets’ Chapter 3 in U.Hilpert and H. Lawton Smith (eds) Network Regionalised Innovative Labour Markets London:Routledge, 58-77
AUTIO, E. (2014) Innovation from Big Science: Enhancing the Big Science Impact https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/288481/bis-14-618-innovation-from-big-science-enhancing-big-science-impact-agenda.pdf (accessed April 25 2016)
DOZ, Y., SANTOS, J. and WILLIAMSON, P. (2001) From Global to Metanational, Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press.
EVANGELISTA, R., MELICIANI, V. and VEZZANI, A. (2018) Specialisation in key enabling technologies and regional growth in Europe Economics of Innovation and New Technology 27, 3 273-289
FELDMAN, M. (2003) The Locational Dynamics of the US Biotech Industry: Knowledge Externalities and the Anchor Hypothesis’, Industry and Innovation 10(3), 311-328.
FERRARO, G and IOVANELLA, A (2017) Technology transfer in innovation networks: An empirical study of the Enterprise Europe Network International Journal of Engineering Business Management 9: 1–14
GILLIES, D. (2017) Human capital theory, in Encyclopedia of Educational
Philosophy and Theory, 1–5, Singapore: Springer.
HILPERT, U. (1992) Archipelago Europe – Islands of Innovation, Synthesis Report. Prospective Dossier No 1: Science, Technology and Social and Economic Cohesion in the Community, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.
HILPERT, U. (ed.) (2003) Regionalisation of Globalised Innovation: locations for advanced industrial development and disparities in participation, London: Routledge.
HILPERT, U. (2014) Labour for regional innovation: the role of researchers for development and patterns of recruitment Chapter 2 in U.Hilpert and H. Lawton Smith (eds) Network Regionalised Innovative Labour Markets London:Routledge 35-57
HUBER, F. (2012) Do Clusters Really Matter for Innovation Practices in Information Technology? Questioning the Significance of Technological Knowledge Spillovers Journal of Economic Geography 12 107-126
HUGGINS R. and THOMPSON, P. (2017) Networks and regional economic growth: A spatial analysis of knowledge ties Environment and Planning A 49, 6. 1247-1265
KASABOV, E. and SUNDARAM, U. (2016) Conceptualising Clusters as Dynamic and Path-dependent Pools of Skills. Regional Studies 50, 9 1520-1536
KLASTER, E., WILDEROM, C., and MUNTSLAG, D. (2017) Balancing Relations and Results in Regional Networks of Public-Policy Implementation Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 27, 4, 1 676–691, https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux015
KOSCHATZKY, K., KULICKE, M. and ZENKER, A. (2001) (eds) Innovation Networks: Concepts and Challenges in the European Perspective Springer Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
LAWTON SMITH, H. and WATERS, R. (2011) Scientific Labour Markets, Networks and Regional Innovation Systems, Regional Studies 45 7, 961-978
LOWE, N. and FELDMAN, M. (2015) Breaking the Waves: Innovation at the Intersections of Economic Development Policy http://nicholalowe.web.unc.edu/files/2015/06/Breaking-the-Waves-Lowe-Feldman-5-15.pdf
OECD. (2011) Public Research Institutions: Mapping Sector Trends https://www.oecd.org/sti/sci-tech/48795219.pdf (accessed July 6 2018).
SMALLBONE, D., KITCHING, J., BLACKBURN, R. and MOSAVI, S. (2015) Anchor institutions and small firms in the UK: A review of the literature on anchor institutions and their role in developing management and leadership skills in small firms https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/414390/Anchor_institutions_and_small_firms.pdf (accessed May 24 2016)
STFC. (2017) ISIS Neutron and Muon Source Lifetime Impact Report Summary a report by the Technolopolis Group for the STFC. https://www.stfc.ac.uk/files/isis-lifetime-impact-report-summary/ (accessed October 13 2017)
TRIPPL, M (2014) ‘Star scientists, Islands of Innovation, and internationally networked labour markets’ Chapter 3 in U.Hilpert and H. Lawton Smith (eds) Network Regionalised Innovative Labour Markets London:Routledge, 58-77