Reflexiones literarias del elitocidio: Georgy Demidov y precursores

Contenido principal del artículo

Leona לאונה Toker טוקר

Resumen

Mientras que el asesinato de elites data de épocas antiguas, ya sea como parte de un
genocidio, como oferta a cambio de esclavitud de una comunidad, o bien como expresión
de un resentimiento social, debido a las atrocidades cometidas en el siglo XX las historias
de elitocidio han reunido la masa crítica suficiente como para que surja este concepto. El
presente artículo se centra en las reflexiones literarias sobre el elitocidio, muchas de las
cuales solo se pueden reconocer como tales una vez que el fenómeno en sí ha cristalizado
en la memoria colectiva. Tratamientos de carácter literario sobre la cuestión del elitocidio
incluyen obras de Dostoyevski (traducida al español como Los endemoniados o Demonios
[Бесы], 1871–1872), de H. G. Wells (La máquina del tiempo, 1895) y de Nabokov (Barra
siniestra, 1947), aunque el ejemplo fundamental abordado aquí es el tema de la
destrucción de las personas de mayor talento que aparecen en las historias del Gulag de
Georgy Demidov.

Detalles del artículo

Sección

Literatura

Cómo citar

Reflexiones literarias del elitocidio: Georgy Demidov y precursores. (2019). VERBEIA. Revista De Estudios Filológicos. Journal of English and Spanish Studies, 3, 83-105. https://doi.org/10.57087/Verbeia.2019.4133

Referencias

Beliaev, N. Z.; Efimov, B. E. & Efimov, M. B. (eds.). Mikhail Kol’tsov, kakim onby (Михаи́л Кольцо́в каким он был). 2nd edition. Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel’, 1989.

Canetti, E. Crowds and Power. Trans. Carol Stewart. New York: The Seabury Press, 1978 [1962] (Masse und Macht. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1980 [1960]).

Chudakova, M. “‘You Were Right, Virgin Mary!..’” (“‘Ty prava, Bogoroditsa!..’” [“‘Ты права, Богородица!..’”]). Liubov’ za koliuchei provolokoi (Любовь’ за колючей проволокой). Georgy Demidov, Moscow: Vozvrashchenie. Demidov 2010: 5–7.

Chudakova, M. “‘Not to Bend One’s Conscience, One’s Intentions, or One’s Neck…’.” (“‘Ne gnut’ ni sovesti, ni pomyslov, ni shei’” [“‘Не гнуть ни совести, ни помыслов, ни шеи’”]). Oranzhevyi abazhur (Оранжевый абажур). Georgy Demidov, Moscow: Vozvrashchenie. 2009, 5–13.

Chudakova, M. “The Echo of Kolyma: For the Hundredth Anniversary of Georgy Demidov” (“Ekho Kolymy: K 100-letiyu Georgiya Demidova” [“Эхо Колымы (К 100-летию Георгия Демидова”]). Chudnaia planeta: rasskazy (Чудная планета: рассказы). Georgy Demidov, Moscow: Vozvrashchenie, 2008, 339–353.

Connolly, J. “Nabokov’s (Re)visions of Dostoevsky.” Nabokov and His Fiction: New Perspectives. Julian Connolly (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, 141–157.

Demidov, G. Liubov’ za koliuchei provolokoi: Povesti i rasskazy (Любовь’ за колючей проволокой: Повести и рассказы). Moscow: Vozvrashchenie, 2010.

Demidov, G. Oranzhevyi abazhur: Tri povesti o tridtsat’ sed’mom (Оранжевый абажур: Три повести о тридцать седьмом). Moscow: Vozvrashchenie, 2009.

Demidov, G. Chudnaia planeta: Rasskazy (Чудная планета: Рассказы). Moscow: Vozvrashchenie, 2008.

Demidova, V. “To the Future about the Cursed Past” (“‘Budushchemu na prokliatoe proshloe…’” [Будущему на проклятое прошлое...”]) Shalamovskii sbornik (Шаламовский сборник) 4, 2011, 63–77.

Demidova, V. “Reminiscences about Father” (“Vospominania ob otse” [“Воспоминания об отце”]). Chudnaia planeta: rasskazy (Чудная планета). Georgy Demidov, Moscow: Vozvrashchenie, 2008, 6–12.

Dostoyevsky, F. The Devils. Trans. David Magarshak. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1953 (Bessy [Бесы]. Sobranie sochinenii [Собрание сочинений]. Moscow: Pravda, 1982, Vol. 8).

Ekart, A. Vanished without Trace: The Story of Seven Years in Soviet Russia. Trans. Egerton Sykes & E. S. Virpsha. London: Max Parrish, 1954.

Ermilov, V. F. M. Dostoevsky (Ф. М. Достоевский). Moscow: Goslitizdat, 1956.

Esipov, V. “Kommentarii k ‘Kolymskim rasskazam’” (“Комментарии к ‘Колымским Рассказам’”). Varlam Shalamov. Kolymskie rasskazy. Izbrannye proizvedeniya (Колымские рассказы. Избранные произведения). St. Petersburg: Vita Nova, 2013 https://shalamov.ru/research/249/ [22 October 2018].

Frye, N. Anatomy of Criticism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990 [1957].

Goldhagen, D. J. Worse than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity. New York: Public Affairs, 2009.

Gratz, D. “Elitocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Its Impact on the Contemporary Understanding of the Crime of Genocide.” Nationalities Papers. 2011, Vol. 39, No. 3, 409–424.

Kiernan, B. Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.

Lemkin, R. Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Analysis, Proposals for Redress. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1944.

Lundblad-Janjić, J. L. 2016. “Writer or Witness: Problems of Varlam Shalamov’s Late Prose and Dramaturgy.” PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/etd/ucb/text/LundbladJanjix107_berkeley_0028E_1 6803.pdf [5 January 2019].

Nabokov, V. Bend Sinister. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974.

Nabokov, V. Nikolai Gogol. New York: New Directions, 1961 [1944].

Nabokov, V. Invitation to a Beheading. Trans. Dmitri Nabokov in collaboration with the author. New York: Putnam, 1959.

Nietzsche, F. The Birth of Tragedy. Basic Writings of Nietzsche. Ed. and trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: The Modern Library, 1966 [1872] (Die Geburt der Tragödie. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1988 [1872], Vol. 1).

Saraskina, L. Besy: Roman-Preduprezhdenie (Бесы: роман-предупреждение). Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel’, 1990.

Shalamov, V. Kolyma Stories. Trans. Donald Rayfield. New York: New York Review of Books, 2018.

Shalamov, V. Sobranie sochinenii v chetyrekh tomakh (Собрание сочинений в четырех томах). I. P. Sirotinskaia (ed.), Moscow: Khudozhestvennaia literatura/Vagrius, 1998.

Shalamov, V. Kolyma Tales. Trans. John Glad. London: Penguin, 1994.

Sruoga, B. Forest of the Gods. Trans. Aušrinė Byla. Vilnius: Versus Aureus, 2005 [1957] (Dievų miškas. Kaunas: Šviesa, 1989 [1957]).

Toker, L. Gulag Literature and the Literature of Nazi Camps: An Inter-Contextual Reading. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2019.

Toker, L. “The Sample Convention, or, When Fictionalized Narratives Can Double as Historical Testimony.” Narration as Argument. Paula Olmos (ed.), Heidelberg: Springer, 2017a, 123–140.

Toker, L. “Varlam Shalamov’s Sketches of the Criminal World.” Born to Be Criminal: The Discourse on Criminality and the Practice of Punishment in Late Imperial Russia and Early Soviet Union. Interdisciplinary Approaches. Riccardo Nicolosi and Anne Hartmann (eds.), Bielefeld: Transcript, 2017b, 233–245.

Toker, L. Towards the Ethics of Form in Fiction: Narratives of Cultural Remission. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 2010.

Toker, L. “A Brief History of Ekwilism.” Critical Interfaces: Contributions in Philosophy, Literature and Culture in Honour of Herbert Grabes. Gordon Collier, Klaus Schwank & Franz Wieselhuber (eds.), Trier: Wissenschaflicher Verlag Trier, 2001, 333–341.

Toker, L. Return from the Archipelago. Narratives of Gulag Prisoners. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2000.

Winick, M. (ed.). Hunger Disease. Trans. Martha Osnos. New York: Wiley, 1979.