From science to society: psychological and criminological implications of Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP)
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Abstract
Forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP) has emerged as a significant resource in recent years for criminal investigation and victim identification. Unlike traditional DNA profiling, FDP enables the prediction of visible phenotypic traits and the estimation of biogeographic ancestry, among other features, opening new possibilities in contexts where no matches exist in databases. This article examines the psychological and social implications of FDP from a criminological and social psychology perspective. First, it explores its role in the reconstruction of identity, both in criminal investigations and humanitarian contexts. It then considers public perception of DNA and genetics, highlighting how FDP could strengthen citizens’ trust in justice institutions if communicated transparently. The discussion subsequently addresses the risks of cognitive biases and discrimination, arguing that regulated and professionalized management can transform these risks into opportunities to reduce prejudice. Finally, it analyzes the emotional implications linked to trust, symbolic closure, and perceptions of legitimacy within the criminal justice system. Overall, FDP emerges as a technology with the potential not only to enhance investigative effectiveness but also to foster a more inclusive, transparent, and trustworthy model of justice, provided that appropriate ethical and communicative frameworks accompany its development.
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